{"id":516,"date":"2009-07-29T01:35:19","date_gmt":"2009-07-29T06:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/?p=516"},"modified":"2014-12-15T00:24:04","modified_gmt":"2014-12-15T05:24:04","slug":"meanings-of-the-nude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/2009\/07\/29\/meanings-of-the-nude\/","title":{"rendered":"Meanings of the Nude"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_534\" style=\"width: 394px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/images.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/89\/Venus_de_Lespugue_(replica).jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Venus_de_Lespugue_(replica).jpg&amp;usg=__Yr-Ds-MjakapFL7C_O77TigvOgk=&amp;h=640&amp;w=640&amp;sz=114&amp;hl=en&amp;start=38&amp;tbnid=wjZ4pR1tZIDCfM:&amp;tbnh=137&amp;tbnw=137&amp;prev=\/images%3Fq%3Dpaleolithic%2Bvenus%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-534\" class=\"size-full wp-image-534\" title=\"Venus_de_Lespugue_(replica)\" alt=\"&quot;Venus of Lespugue&quot;, c. 23,000 BCE\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Venus_de_Lespugue_replica1.jpg?resize=384%2C384\" width=\"384\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Venus_de_Lespugue_replica1.jpg?w=600 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Venus_de_Lespugue_replica1.jpg?resize=150%2C150 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Venus_de_Lespugue_replica1.jpg?resize=300%2C300 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-534\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Venus of Lespugue&#8221;, c. 23,000 BCE<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Why is the naked human body such an enduring focus of art?\u00a0 Of course the image of the human form excites our <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/nova\/sciencenow\/3204\/01.html\" target=\"_blank\">mirror neurons<\/a>, and can express all aspects of the human experience, but it could usually do that just as well in clothes.\u00a0 Art students study nude models in order to see the structure and movement of the body unobstructed, but the nude figure in art clearly has an importance beyond its function in learning anatomy.\u00a0 The naked body is an object of desire, but the nude in art can evoke a far more complex response than can pornographic imagery.<\/p>\n<p>The nude evokes many contradictory things.\u00a0 Historically, the nude figure has been seen as representing innocence and purity as well as sensuality and sexuality.\u00a0 The artistic nude can be Apollonian, showing the harmonies of sacred geometry as embodied in the human form, or it can be Dionysian, expressing unconstrained energy or emotion.\u00a0 Power and weakness, pride and shame, pleasure and pain:\u00a0 all of these are the experiences of being in the flesh, and all can be shown in the image of the flesh.<\/p>\n<dl class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" id=\"attachment_519\" style=\"width: 442px;\">\n<dt class=\"wp-caption-dt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.william-blake.org\/Glad-Day-or-The-Dance-of-Albion,-c.1794.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-519 \" title=\"Blake-Glad-Day\" alt=\"William Blake, &quot;Glad Day&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Blake-Glad-Day.jpg?resize=432%2C600\" width=\"432\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Blake-Glad-Day.jpg?w=432 432w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Blake-Glad-Day.jpg?resize=216%2C300 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/a><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"wp-caption-dd\" style=\"text-align: center;\">William Blake, &#8220;Glad Day&#8221;, 1794<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>In the formal experimentation of the moderns, the nude as a subject maintained a connection to artistic conventions and provided a vital link of identification, humanizing abstraction.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_518\" style=\"width: 462px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spaightwoodgalleries.com\/Pages\/Matisse7.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-518\" class=\"size-full wp-image-518\" title=\"Matisse-Blue-Nude\" alt=\"Matisse, &quot;Blue Nude&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Matisse-Blue-Nude.jpg?resize=452%2C600\" width=\"452\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Matisse-Blue-Nude.jpg?w=452 452w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Matisse-Blue-Nude.jpg?resize=226%2C300 226w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-518\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matisse, &#8220;Blue Nude&#8221;, 1952<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In contemporary art since <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/wm\/paint\/auth\/bacon\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bacon<\/a>, the nude is often a mirror reflecting the darkest aspects of society through fragmentation, commodification, dehumanization, dissociation and repulsion.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_521\" style=\"width: 459px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/employees.oneonta.edu\/farberas\/arth\/arth200\/Body\/saville.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-521\" class=\"size-full wp-image-521\" title=\"Saville-Hybrid\" alt=\"Jenny Saville, &quot;Hybrid&quot;, 1997\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Saville-Hybrid.jpg?resize=449%2C600\" width=\"449\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Saville-Hybrid.jpg?w=449 449w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Saville-Hybrid.jpg?resize=224%2C300 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-521\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jenny Saville, &#8220;Hybrid&#8221;, 1997<\/p><\/div>\n<p>For the practicing artist, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.absoluteastronomy.com\/topics\/Scopophilia\" target=\"_blank\">scopophilia<\/a>, the erotics of seeing, can be an important motivating factor, stimulating the considerable focus of energy that is required in producing art.\u00a0 Despite the popular image of the artist as lubricious libertine, no real art is produced unless the erotic impulse is sublimated into the creative drive.\u00a0 Thus the artist of the nude may also represent both sensuality and chastity through her or his practice.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_520\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.abcgallery.com\/B\/boucher\/boucher57.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-520\" class=\"size-full wp-image-520\" title=\"Boucher-Sofa\" alt=\"Boucher, &quot;Nude on a Sofa&quot;, 1752\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Boucher-Sofa.jpg?resize=600%2C491\" width=\"600\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Boucher-Sofa.jpg?w=600 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Boucher-Sofa.jpg?resize=300%2C245 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-520\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boucher, &#8220;Miss O&#8217;Murphy&#8221;, 1752<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Anthropologist <a href=\"http:\/\/arts.anu.edu.au\/AandA\/people\/students\/giligan.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Ian Gilligan<\/a>, who studies <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencealert.com.au\/features\/20080109-17884.html\" target=\"_blank\">the prehistory of clothing<\/a>, says \u201cClothing is the thing that separates us from nature, literally and symbolically . . . It actually affects us in the way we perceive ourselves and our environment.\u201d \u00a0Clothing is a barrier between us and the world, and between us and our own physical selves, with \u201cimplications for how we think about ourselves in relation to other things, but also in how our bodies interact with the world. . . We\u2019ve fabricated a whole artificial environment, which is a kind of externalised clothing. Many aspects of modern existence insulate us from the outside natural world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This separation from Nature has become an unhealed split, a division of the self expressed in the root myths of human culture.\u00a0 In the story of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.allaboutcreation.org\/adam-and-eve.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Adam and Eve<\/a> we are told that the initial manifestation of self-awareness is shame at nakedness, and God&#8217;s punishment for it is suffering and death.\u00a0 Thus our very bodies are seen as the source of evil and sin and must be hidden.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_517\" style=\"width: 274px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Masaccio-TheExpulsionOfAdamAndEveFromEden-Restoration.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-517\" class=\"size-full wp-image-517\" title=\"Masaccio-Expulsion\" alt=\"Masaccio, &quot;Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Masaccio-Expulsion.jpg?resize=264%2C700\" width=\"264\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Masaccio-Expulsion.jpg?w=264 264w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Masaccio-Expulsion.jpg?resize=113%2C300 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-517\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Masaccio, &#8220;Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden&#8221;, 1423<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Observing death we see that the living person or soul becomes separated from the body, and so we imagine that these things are inherently separate, forced together by a cruel deity to test us.\u00a0 The mind or spirit is heavenly, angelic and pure, while the physical body binds us to death, destructive urges and suffering.<\/p>\n<p>The body is identified with the Earth, whose odorous solidity it shares.\u00a0 Body and Nature, and all the living things of Earth, are then reduced to objects, to be tamed and exploited without mercy for the advancement of the supposedly pure spirit.\u00a0 The Earth has suffered from this division within Man, but as creatures of Earth we do not escape the pain.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_522\" style=\"width: 335px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/images.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=http:\/\/www.wga.hu\/art\/m\/michelan\/1sculptu\/giulio_2\/slave3.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http:\/\/www.wga.hu\/html\/m\/michelan\/1sculptu\/giulio_2\/index.html&amp;usg=__2AxnuPoaaQqyeKumuexuc5SOvyw=&amp;h=1346&amp;w=625&amp;sz=98&amp;hl=en&amp;start=208&amp;um=1&amp;tbnid=2OGpHtT6TsbqwM:&amp;tbnh=150&amp;tbnw=70&amp;prev=\/images%3Fq%3Dmichelangelo%2Bdying%2Bslave%2Bthree%2Bviews%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26start%3D200%26um%3D1\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-522\" class=\"size-full wp-image-522\" title=\"Michelangelo-Awakening-Slave\" alt=\"Michelangelo, &quot;Awakening Slave&quot;, 1519\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Michelangelo-Awakening-Slave.jpg?resize=325%2C700\" width=\"325\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Michelangelo-Awakening-Slave.jpg?w=325 325w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/Michelangelo-Awakening-Slave.jpg?resize=139%2C300 139w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-522\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelangelo, &#8220;Awakening Slave&#8221;, 1519<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The West or the Abrahamic religions hold no monopoly on this hatred of the body.\u00a0 The way of Yoga would seem opposed to the split, a practice of fully embodied spirituality, and yet the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/hin\/yogasutr.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Yogasutras<\/a>, the most revered ancient source of Yoga philosophy, clearly state the aim of the practice of Yoga is to \u201ctranscend the qualities of nature\u201d, to purify ourselves of all physical desires and to \u201cdisentangle ourselves from involvement in even the subtlest manifestations of the phenomenal world,\u201d as quoted from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vedicbooks.net\/light-yoga-sutra-patanjali-p-1889.html\" target=\"_blank\">B. K. S. Iyengar, <em>Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Scientific humanists might rail against religious ideas of the soul or the afterlife, but still long to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.transtopia.org\/uploading.html\" target=\"_blank\">upload the mind into a computer<\/a> as a way of escaping the fallibility and mortality of the flesh.\u00a0\u00a0 (As long as computers don\u2019t last even one tenth as long as the human body, this would hardly seem to solve the problem!)<\/p>\n<p>For the fundamentalists in all cultures that fear individual freedom and the open mind, the image of the human body is a threat to order, as it reminds people of pure animal joy.\u00a0 The free body terrifies authoritarians.\u00a0 If the people experience freedom at the level of the body, there will be no controlling them!\u00a0 Thus &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/koshersex.com\/modesty.html\" target=\"_blank\">modesty<\/a>&#8221; must be strictly enforced.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_524\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gardenvisit.com\/garden\/vigeland_sculpture_park\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-524\" class=\"size-full wp-image-524\" title=\"vigeland_sculpture_park_\" alt=\"Gustav Vigeland, figure from Vigeland Park, Oslo, c. 1930\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/vigeland_sculpture_park_.jpg?resize=600%2C399\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/vigeland_sculpture_park_.jpg?w=600 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/vigeland_sculpture_park_.jpg?resize=300%2C199 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-524\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gustav Vigeland, figure from Vigeland Park, Oslo, c. 1930, photo by Simon Davey<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The image of the nude reminds us that we are our bodies, that sexuality and appetites and mortality are our very nature, and that the beauty of our animality cannot be separated from the beauty of our spirituality.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Perhaps death separates body and spirit, but if we separate them in life we are like <a href=\"http:\/\/showcase.netins.net\/web\/creative\/lincoln\/speeches\/house.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a house divided against itself<\/a>, that cannot stand.\u00a0 We cannot, like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/etext\/4078\" target=\"_blank\">Oscar Wilde\u2019s Dorian Gray<\/a>, deny and conceal the part of us that decays.\u00a0 I believe mind and matter are two surfaces of a single membrane, and neither can exist in isolation from the other.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_523\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-523\" class=\"size-full wp-image-523\" title=\"fredhatt-pregnant-couple\" alt=\"Fred Hatt, &quot;Pregnant Couple&quot;, 2008\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/fredhatt-pregnant-couple.jpg?resize=600%2C479\" width=\"600\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/fredhatt-pregnant-couple.jpg?w=600 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/fredhatt-pregnant-couple.jpg?resize=300%2C239 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-523\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fred Hatt, &#8220;Pregnant Couple&#8221;, 2008<\/p><\/div>\n<p>For me, the nude is an image of unity, of spirit incarnate and matter imbued with life.\u00a0 A work of art is in itself an attempt to put living energy into a physical form, so the subject matter perfectly fits the activity.\u00a0 The nude hides neither its eroticism nor its mortality, but shows the human as a cell of the body of Earth.\u00a0 The nude is a talisman to heal the ancient division afflicting humanity, and an assertion of freedom and joy against fundamentalism and fear.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">I would like to hear readers&#8217; responses to this post.\u00a0 Please comment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Fair use claimed for all photos of artwork.\u00a0 Click on images for links to sources.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why is the naked human body such an enduring focus of art?\u00a0 Of course the image of the human form excites our mirror neurons, and can express all aspects of the human experience, but it could usually do that just as well in clothes.\u00a0 Art students study nude models in order to see the structure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[227,200,202,266],"tags":[271,272,133,17,44],"class_list":["post-516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-and-philosophy","category-art-history-2","category-collections-of-images","category-top-ten","tag-art-history","tag-art-and-society","tag-art-modeling","tag-figures","tag-nudes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Meanings of the Nude - DRAWING LIFE by fred hatt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/2009\/07\/29\/meanings-of-the-nude\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meanings of the Nude - DRAWING LIFE by fred hatt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why is the naked human body such an enduring focus of art?\u00a0 Of course the image of the human form excites our mirror neurons, and can express all aspects of the human experience, but it could usually do that just as well in clothes.\u00a0 Art students study nude models in order to see the structure [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/2009\/07\/29\/meanings-of-the-nude\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DRAWING LIFE by fred hatt\" 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