{"id":3981,"date":"2012-06-08T07:50:50","date_gmt":"2012-06-08T12:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/?p=3981"},"modified":"2014-12-14T22:35:59","modified_gmt":"2014-12-15T03:35:59","slug":"mastering-life-zhuangzis-parables-of-craft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fredhatt.com\/blog\/2012\/06\/08\/mastering-life-zhuangzis-parables-of-craft\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastering Life: Zhuangzi’s Parables of Craft"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zhuangzi<\/a><\/em> is a collection of parables and philosophical dialogues on Daoist themes, dating to the third or fourth century BCE, and attributed to a writer named Zhuang or Zhuangzi or Chuang Tzu<\/a>.\u00a0 Much of the material is satirical or fantastical, using wild imagery, odd turns of phrase, and absurdity to crack conventional and complacent ways of thinking.\u00a0 It mocks the Confucian impulse to reform the world as well as the logician\u2019s claims to pure reason (even though it often puts its arguments in the mouth of Confucius and other traditional sages).\u00a0 It argues for radical acceptance of the world, suggesting that we should give up complaining and striving, and instead seek to discover our oneness with the mysterious forces that make and move the world.<\/p>\n

Zhuangzi<\/em> likes to find transcendent principles in humble places, and many of the stories talk about the special skills of servants and artisans.\u00a0 I find these passages particularly relevant to the creative practice, though of course they are metaphors that can lend their meaning to many aspects of life.\u00a0 In this post, I\u2019ve selected four parables of craft from the Zhuangzi<\/em>.\u00a0 These excerpts are from Chuang Tzu: Basic Writings<\/a><\/em>, Columbia University Press, 1964, translated by Burton Watson, a version both scholarly and literary, rollicking and lucid.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Bell Stand, 2012, by Fred Hatt<\/p><\/div>\n

1.<\/p>\n

Woodworker Ch\u2019ing carved a piece of wood and made a bell stand, and when it was finished, everyone who saw it marveled, for it seemed to be the work of gods or spirits.\u00a0 When the marquis of Lu saw it, he asked, \u201cWhat art is it you have?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u2019ing replied, \u201cI am only a craftsman \u2013 how would I have any art?\u00a0 There is one thing, however.\u00a0 When I am going to make a bell stand, I never let it wear out my energy.\u00a0 I always fast in order to still my mind.\u00a0 When I have fasted for three days, I no longer have any thought of congratulations or rewards, of titles or stipends.\u00a0 When I have fasted for five days, I no longer have any thought of praise or blame, of skill or clumsiness.\u00a0 And when I have fasted for seven days, I am so still that I forget I have four limbs and a form and body.\u00a0 By that time, the ruler and his court no longer exist for me.\u00a0 My skill is concentrated and all outside distractions fade away.\u00a0 After that, I go into the mountain forest and examine the Heavenly nature of the trees.\u00a0 If I find one of superlative form, and I can see a bell stand there, I put my hand to the job of carving; if not, I let it go.\u00a0 This way I am simply matching up \u2018Heaven\u2019 with \u2018Heaven.\u2019\u00a0 That\u2019s probably the reason that people wonder if the results were not made by spirits.”<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ferryman, 2012, by Fred Hatt<\/p><\/div>\n

2.<\/p>\n

Yen Y\u00fcan said to Confucius, \u201cI once crossed the gulf at Goblet Deeps and the ferryman handled the boat with supernatural skill.\u00a0 I asked him, \u2018Can a person learn how to handle a boat?\u2019 and he replied, \u2018Certainly.\u00a0 A good swimmer has acquired his ability through repeated practice.\u00a0 And, if a man can swim under water, he may never have seen a boat before and still he\u2019ll know how to handle it!\u2019\u00a0 I asked him what he meant by that, but he wouldn\u2019t tell me.\u00a0 May I venture to ask you what it means?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Confucius said, \u201cA good swimmer has acquired his ability through repeated practice \u2013 that means he\u2019s forgotten the water.\u00a0 If a man can swim under water, he may never have seen a boat before and still he\u2019ll know how to handle it \u2013 that\u2019s because he sees the water as so much dry land, and regards the capsizing of a boat as he would the overturning of a cart.\u00a0 The ten thousand things may all be capsizing and turning over at the same time right in front of him and it can\u2019t get at him and affect what\u2019s inside \u2013 so where could he go and not be at ease?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen you\u2019re betting for tiles in an archery contest, you shoot with skill.\u00a0 When you\u2019re betting for fancy belt buckles, you worry about your aim.\u00a0 And when you\u2019re betting for real gold, you\u2019re a nervous wreck.\u00a0 Your skill is the same in all three cases \u2013 but because one prize means more to you than another, you let outside considerations weigh on your mind.\u00a0 He who looks too hard at the outside gets clumsy on the inside.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Herder of Sheep, 2012, by Fred Hatt<\/p><\/div>\n

3.<\/p>\n

T\u2019ien K\u2019ai-chih said, \u201cI have heard the Master say, \u2018He who is good at nourishing life is like a herder of sheep \u2013 he watches for stragglers and whips them up.\u2019 \u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat does that mean?\u201d asked Duke Wei.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u2019ien K\u2019ai-chih said, \u201cIn Lu there was Shan Pao \u2013 he lived among the cliffs, drank only water, and didn\u2019t go after gain like other people.\u00a0 He went along like that for seventy years and still had the complexion of a little child.\u00a0 Unfortunately, he met a hungry tiger who killed him and ate him up.\u00a0 Then there was Chang Yi \u2013 there wasn\u2019t one of the great families and fancy mansions that he didn\u2019t rush off to visit.\u00a0 He went along like that for forty years, and then he developed an internal fever, fell ill, and died.\u00a0 Shan Pao looked after what was on the inside and the tiger ate up his outside.\u00a0 Chang Yi looked after what was on the outside and the sickness attacked him from the inside.\u00a0 Both these men failed to give a lash to the stragglers.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Confucius has said, \u201cDon\u2019t go in and hide; don\u2019t come out and shine; stand stock-still in the middle.\u201d\u00a0 He who can follow these three rules is sure to be called the finest.\u00a0 When people are worried about the safety of the roads, if they hear that one traveler in a party of ten has been murdered, then fathers and sons, elder and younger brothers will warn each other to be careful and will not venture out until they have a large escort of armed men. That\u2019s wise of them, isn\u2019t it?\u00a0 But when it comes to what people really ought to be worried about \u2013 the time when they are lying in bed or sitting around eating and drinking \u2013 then they don\u2019t have sense enough to take warning.\u00a0 That\u2019s a mistake!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

An Ox, 2012, by Fred Hatt<\/p><\/div>\n

4.<\/p>\n

Cook Ting was cutting up an ox for Lord Wen-hui.\u00a0 At every touch of his hand, every heave of his shoulder, every move of his feet, every thrust of his knee \u2013 zip! zoop!\u00a0 He slithered the knife along with a zing, and all was in perfect rhythm, as though he were performing the dance of the Mulberry Grove or keeping time to the Ching-shou music.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cAh, this is marvelous!\u201d said Lord Wen-hui.\u00a0 \u201cImagine skill reaching such heights!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Cook Ting laid down his knife and replied, \u201cWhat I care about is the Way, which goes beyond skill.\u00a0 When I first began cutting up oxen, all I could see was the ox itself.\u00a0 After three years I no longer saw the whole ox.\u00a0 And now \u2013 now I go at it by spirit and don\u2019t look with my eyes.\u00a0 Perception and understanding have come to a stop and spirit moves where it wants.\u00a0 I go along with the natural makeup, strike in the big hollows, guide the knife through the big openings, and follow things as they are.\u00a0 So I never touch the smallest ligament or tendon, much less a main joint.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cA good cook changes his knife once a year \u2013 because he cuts.\u00a0 A mediocre cook changes his knife once a month \u2013 because he hacks.\u00a0 I\u2019ve had this knife of mine for nineteen years and I\u2019ve cut up thousands of oxen with it, and yet the blade is as good as though it had just come from the grindstone.\u00a0 There are spaces between the joints, and the blade of the knife really has no thickness.\u00a0 If you insert what has no thickness into such spaces, then there\u2019s plenty of room \u2013 more than enough for the blade to play about in.\u00a0 That\u2019s why after nineteen years the blade of my knife is still as good as when it first came from the grindstone.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cHowever, whenever I come to a complicated place, I size up the difficulties, tell myself to watch out and be careful, keep my eyes on what I\u2019m doing, work very slowly, and move the knife with the greatest subtlety, until \u2013 flop! the whole thing comes apart like a clod of earth crumbling to the ground.\u00a0 I stand there holding the knife and look all around me, completely satisfied and reluctant to move on, and then I wipe off the knife and put it away.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cExcellent!\u201d said Lord Wen-hui.\u00a0 \u201cI have heard the words of Cook Ting and learned how to care for life!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Illustrations for this post are all ink brush on paper, 18\u201d x 24\u201d (46 x 61 cm).<\/p>\n

An earlier Drawing Life<\/em> post, \u201cA Useless Tree<\/a>\u201d, is based on another tale from Zhuangzi<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Note: \u00a0There are several editions of Burton Watson’s Complete Works of Chuang Tzu<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Chuang Tzu: Basic Writings<\/em>. \u00a0The latter is basically a selection of chapters from the former. \u00a0A newer edition of Basic Writings<\/em>\u00a0has\u00a0been amended to use the pinyin transliteration of the Chinese names (i.e. Zhuangzi replaces Chuang Tzu) in the title as well as in the text. \u00a0Zhuang has inspired many writers, and besides the various academic translations there are selections of his stories retold by Christian mystic Thomas Merton and Jewish philosopher Martin Buber.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zhuangzi is a collection of parables and philosophical dialogues on Daoist themes, dating to the third or fourth century BCE, and attributed to a writer named Zhuang or Zhuangzi or Chuang Tzu.\u00a0 Much of the material is satirical or fantastical, using wild imagery, odd turns of phrase, and absurdity to crack conventional and complacent ways […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[227,258],"tags":[274,41,51,21,96,162],"class_list":["post-3981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-and-philosophy","category-homage-writers","tag-illustration","tag-ink-brush","tag-philosophy","tag-process","tag-sketch","tag-zhuangzi"],"yoast_head":"\nMastering Life: Zhuangzi's Parables of Craft - 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